This paper investigates the vital role of solar energy – both photovoltaics (PV) and solar thermal – in decarbonising local heating systems across Europe. It draws a comparison between two distinct contexts: Germany, which is optimising its well-established infrastructure, and Ukraine, which is undertaking a massive reconstruction effort following war-related destruction. The analysis is enriched by practical insights from the “Energy Transition Town Twinnings 3.0” project, a collaboration involving Düsseldorf, Hoyerswerda, Chernivtsi, and Novovolynsk. We argue that solar energy offers a flexible, resilient, and emissions-free solution that is essential for increasing energy security and achieving climate goals. The paper concludes with concrete proposals for officials and providers on how to implement solar power for a resilient and future-proof heat supply.

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Irmina Blachnik
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